Artificial Intelligence

Are Teens Choosing AI Over Human Connection? New Research Has Answers

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April 7, 2026
7
min read
Delaney Ruston, MD
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In Summary

New research from the Rithm Project surveyed 2,383 teens and young adults to understand how AI is shaping their relationships. While most use AI for information and tasks, a notable group are turning to AI characters for emotional support, with over half of this group reporting they feel they have no one to turn to. These findings offer an important window into how some teens are really using AI, and why parents need to be having these conversations.

Hi everyone. I recommend pairing this blog with an encore of one of my favorite podcast episodes, called Kids Using AI Chatbots: The Risks Parents Can’t Ignore, so do check that out.

I talk with many teens and parents and often ask whether they have had conversations about AI together, and most say “no.” I wrote this blog to help spark these important conversations. 

The Rithm Project, whose mission is “building human connection in the age of AI,” recently released data from a survey of 2,383, 13 to 24-year-olds. 

The goal of the study:

To better understand why teens do or don't use AI, how their current relationships affect their choice of use, and finally, how their use or non-use impacts their relationships.

As this survey captures data at a single point in time, only correlation can be inferred, not causation. A different design would be needed to tease out causation. (Could your child or students come up with a study design that would achieve causation?)

Findings about usage:

  • 28% said they used it rarely or not at all (Cluster 1)

Then, of the remaining that said “yes, they use it,” the researchers then put them into other clusters:

  • 39% said they used AI for information and tasks (Cluster 2)
  • 18% said they used it for personal support (Cluster 3)
  • 15% use AI characters (Cluster 4)

Clusters 3 and 4 surely also use AI for other things, but given that the study is primarily examining the impact on relationships, these clusters were created accordingly.

Flowchart of the questions asked resulting in the percentages above:

A moment to explain "AI characters"

The researchers found that the term "AI companion" carries real stigma with teens, who dismissed synthetic relationships as "weird and embarrassing."

Instead, "AI character" resonated much more. It avoids the shame associated with "companion" and better captures the range of ways young people actually engage with personified AI, from chatting with celebrity personas to getting advice from a virtual professional.

Through the survey questions, the researchers divided AI users into three groups: The Bestie, The Gamer, and The Expert Seeker.

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Findings to discuss

The report is chock-full of findings, but I’m only focusing on a few related to Clusters 1 and 4.

Cluster 1:

As mentioned, they found that 28% of all respondents reported that they use AI rarely or not at all. 

Through other questions on the survey the researchers divided this cluster into two groups: “conscious objectors” and “AI non-participants”.

For many months, I have been talking with young people aged 16 to 24, who are very concerned about AI and rarely use it, citing environmental concerns very frequently, in particular all the water used by the data centers.

The hit to the environment is real. I have been surprised that teens cite water issues far more often than energy concerns. I bet that they will start talking more about that with time. 

For the AI non-participants: They often cite things like "AI gets things wrong" or "it will make me stupid" as reasons for not using it.

Cluster 4:

It was found that 15% of respondents who say they use AI, said that they use AI characters. (Cluster 4)

They found that these respondents answered yes to the following statement significantly more often than people in the other clusters; “turn to AI more than people sometimes or more.”

The point here is that if we know kids and teens who are using AI characters, we need to do some calm questioning about things like, are they turning to the characters with personal questions? What other adults besides yourself do they feel they can turn to? 

Another concerning finding in this group is that 51% of them feel like they have no one to turn to. Again this is the highest among any cluster and warrants attention.

My two cents: 

I've talked often about the idea of a "vulnerable village," and these AI times are calling for it more than ever. Many teens are not going to tell their parents they are using AI characters. If we hear of a teen who is, we should find thoughtful, safe, and respectful ways to address it together.

If you hear from your teen that another teen is using AI characters in ways that concern you, one place to start is talking with other parents about how you might approach the situation together, whether that means reaching out to the teen, their parents, or both.

This is not easy, but our tech revolution warrants a family revolution. We have to stop making family life=private life. We need each other! 

Questions to start a conversation with youth in your life:

  1. What cluster do each of us fall in?
  2. Do you hear peers talking about character AIs?
  3. Who are the people you feel you can turn to when you are struggling with emotions?

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Artificial Intelligence

Are Teens Choosing AI Over Human Connection? New Research Has Answers

Delaney Ruston, MD
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April 7, 2026

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Hi everyone. I recommend pairing this blog with an encore of one of my favorite podcast episodes, called Kids Using AI Chatbots: The Risks Parents Can’t Ignore, so do check that out.

I talk with many teens and parents and often ask whether they have had conversations about AI together, and most say “no.” I wrote this blog to help spark these important conversations. 

The Rithm Project, whose mission is “building human connection in the age of AI,” recently released data from a survey of 2,383, 13 to 24-year-olds. 

The goal of the study:

To better understand why teens do or don't use AI, how their current relationships affect their choice of use, and finally, how their use or non-use impacts their relationships.

As this survey captures data at a single point in time, only correlation can be inferred, not causation. A different design would be needed to tease out causation. (Could your child or students come up with a study design that would achieve causation?)

Findings about usage:

  • 28% said they used it rarely or not at all (Cluster 1)

Then, of the remaining that said “yes, they use it,” the researchers then put them into other clusters:

  • 39% said they used AI for information and tasks (Cluster 2)
  • 18% said they used it for personal support (Cluster 3)
  • 15% use AI characters (Cluster 4)

Clusters 3 and 4 surely also use AI for other things, but given that the study is primarily examining the impact on relationships, these clusters were created accordingly.

Flowchart of the questions asked resulting in the percentages above:

A moment to explain "AI characters"

The researchers found that the term "AI companion" carries real stigma with teens, who dismissed synthetic relationships as "weird and embarrassing."

Instead, "AI character" resonated much more. It avoids the shame associated with "companion" and better captures the range of ways young people actually engage with personified AI, from chatting with celebrity personas to getting advice from a virtual professional.

Through the survey questions, the researchers divided AI users into three groups: The Bestie, The Gamer, and The Expert Seeker.

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Findings to discuss

The report is chock-full of findings, but I’m only focusing on a few related to Clusters 1 and 4.

Cluster 1:

As mentioned, they found that 28% of all respondents reported that they use AI rarely or not at all. 

Through other questions on the survey the researchers divided this cluster into two groups: “conscious objectors” and “AI non-participants”.

For many months, I have been talking with young people aged 16 to 24, who are very concerned about AI and rarely use it, citing environmental concerns very frequently, in particular all the water used by the data centers.

The hit to the environment is real. I have been surprised that teens cite water issues far more often than energy concerns. I bet that they will start talking more about that with time. 

For the AI non-participants: They often cite things like "AI gets things wrong" or "it will make me stupid" as reasons for not using it.

Cluster 4:

It was found that 15% of respondents who say they use AI, said that they use AI characters. (Cluster 4)

They found that these respondents answered yes to the following statement significantly more often than people in the other clusters; “turn to AI more than people sometimes or more.”

The point here is that if we know kids and teens who are using AI characters, we need to do some calm questioning about things like, are they turning to the characters with personal questions? What other adults besides yourself do they feel they can turn to? 

Another concerning finding in this group is that 51% of them feel like they have no one to turn to. Again this is the highest among any cluster and warrants attention.

My two cents: 

I've talked often about the idea of a "vulnerable village," and these AI times are calling for it more than ever. Many teens are not going to tell their parents they are using AI characters. If we hear of a teen who is, we should find thoughtful, safe, and respectful ways to address it together.

If you hear from your teen that another teen is using AI characters in ways that concern you, one place to start is talking with other parents about how you might approach the situation together, whether that means reaching out to the teen, their parents, or both.

This is not easy, but our tech revolution warrants a family revolution. We have to stop making family life=private life. We need each other! 

Questions to start a conversation with youth in your life:

  1. What cluster do each of us fall in?
  2. Do you hear peers talking about character AIs?
  3. Who are the people you feel you can turn to when you are struggling with emotions?

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Artificial Intelligence

Are Teens Choosing AI Over Human Connection? New Research Has Answers

Delaney Ruston, MD
April 7, 2026

Hi everyone. I recommend pairing this blog with an encore of one of my favorite podcast episodes, called Kids Using AI Chatbots: The Risks Parents Can’t Ignore, so do check that out.

I talk with many teens and parents and often ask whether they have had conversations about AI together, and most say “no.” I wrote this blog to help spark these important conversations. 

The Rithm Project, whose mission is “building human connection in the age of AI,” recently released data from a survey of 2,383, 13 to 24-year-olds. 

The goal of the study:

To better understand why teens do or don't use AI, how their current relationships affect their choice of use, and finally, how their use or non-use impacts their relationships.

As this survey captures data at a single point in time, only correlation can be inferred, not causation. A different design would be needed to tease out causation. (Could your child or students come up with a study design that would achieve causation?)

Findings about usage:

  • 28% said they used it rarely or not at all (Cluster 1)

Then, of the remaining that said “yes, they use it,” the researchers then put them into other clusters:

  • 39% said they used AI for information and tasks (Cluster 2)
  • 18% said they used it for personal support (Cluster 3)
  • 15% use AI characters (Cluster 4)

Clusters 3 and 4 surely also use AI for other things, but given that the study is primarily examining the impact on relationships, these clusters were created accordingly.

Flowchart of the questions asked resulting in the percentages above:

A moment to explain "AI characters"

The researchers found that the term "AI companion" carries real stigma with teens, who dismissed synthetic relationships as "weird and embarrassing."

Instead, "AI character" resonated much more. It avoids the shame associated with "companion" and better captures the range of ways young people actually engage with personified AI, from chatting with celebrity personas to getting advice from a virtual professional.

Through the survey questions, the researchers divided AI users into three groups: The Bestie, The Gamer, and The Expert Seeker.

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